Determination of Acceleration Due to Gravity (g) using a Simple Pendulum
🎯 Objectives: Determination of Acceleration Due to Gravity (g) using a Simple Pendulum
Simple Pendulum Experiment
Objective
To verify the relationship T ∝ √L by measuring the time period T for various lengths (L).
Apparatus
- Clamp stand
- Non‑stretch string (≥ 1 m)
- Metal bob
- Stopwatch (0.01 s accuracy)
- Meter rule
Procedure
- Fix string and measure length L.
- Displace bob ≤ 15° and release gently.
- Time 10 oscillations, then calculate T = t/10.
- Repeat for several lengths.
Data Table
| L (m) | t (s for 10) | T (s) | T² (s²) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.20 | |||
| 0.30 | |||
| 0.40 | |||
| 0.50 | |||
| 0.60 |
Graph & Conclusion
Plot T² (y-axis) vs. L (x-axis): expect a straight line through the origin, confirming T² ∝ L, hence T ∝ √L.
Precautions
- Keep displacement small (<15°).
- Use a precise stopwatch.
- Ensure string is taut and non‑elastic.
- Avoid draughts/disruptions.
- Repeat and average measurements.
Video Demonstration
📖 Reference Book: Tanzania Institute of Education. (2009–2013). *Physics Book 1–4*. Dar es Salaam: TIE. Ngoma, D. K. (2012). *Practical Physics for Secondary Schools Book 3 & 4*. Oxford University Press. Mussa, I. E. (2015). *Physics Made Simple for Secondary Schools*. Nyambari Nyangwine Publishers. National Examinations Council of Tanzania. (2010–2023). *NECTA O-Level Physics Past Papers*. Retrieved from https://www.necta.go.tz Anyakoha, M. W. (2002). *New School Physics for Senior Secondary Schools*. Africana-FEP Publishers. Nelkon, M., & Parker, P. (1995). *Advanced Level Physics*. Heinemann Educational Books.
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