Unit 1: Computer Maintenance

1. What’s Hardware?

Hardware is the physical parts of a computer—the stuff you can touch.

• Internal: Inside the case (CPU, motherboard, RAM, power supply, etc.)
• External (Peripherals): Things plugged in (monitor, keyboard, mouse, USB drives).

2. Key Parts Inside the Case

Power Supply (PSU)

Turns household power into the type the computer needs.

Motherboard

The main board where everything connects and talks.

CPU (Processor)

The “brain” of the computer; runs calculations and controls everything.

RAM

Fast, temporary memory used by programs right now (‘volatile’—empty when off).

ROM (BIOS)

Permanent memory holding basic startup instructions (‘non‑volatile’).

Hard Disk (HDD/SSD)

Permanent storage for your files and programs.

Video Card

Creates the images you see on the monitor.

3. CPU Parts

• ALU: Does math and logic.
• Control Unit: Directs data flow and actions.
• Registers: Tiny fast memory inside the CPU.

4. Maintenance Tips

Hardware:

1. Clean dust to keep cool.
2. Organize cables and accessories.
3. Carefully connect parts—don’t force them.

Software:

1. Shut down properly using the menu.
2. Delete unused files/programs.
3. Back up your data.
4. Run antivirus scans.
5. Update system and drivers.
6. Defragment your disk.

5. Storage & Speed

Data sizes: bits ➝ bytes (8 bits) ➝ KB ➝ MB ➝ GB ➝ TB. CPU speed: Measured in GHz (faster ).

6. Spotting Problems

• POST errors (computer beeps or won’t start)
• Blank screen (check power & cables)
• Stuck mouse/keyboard (clean or replace)
• USB not recognized (try different port)
• Memory or motherboard issues (may need Device Manager or a replacement)

Watch & Learn

::contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}

Want more?