1. Definition of Computer Hardware

Computer hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer system that you can touch. This includes the central processing unit (CPU), monitor, keyboard, mouse, hard drives, and more. These components work together to allow software applications to run.

2. Types of Computers

Computers are categorized based on size, power, and purpose. The major types include:

• Desktops – Stationary computers used in offices/homes
• Laptops – Portable personal computers
• Servers – Powerful systems managing network resources
• Embedded Systems – Computers within other machines (e.g., microwaves, ATMs)

3. Functions of Major Components

Each hardware component has a unique role:

• CPU – Executes instructions (the brain)
• RAM – Temporary memory used by active programs
• Motherboard – Connects all hardware
• Power Supply – Converts electricity to usable power
• Storage Devices – Hold data (HDD/SSD)

4. Input & Output Devices

Input devices send data to the computer (e.g., keyboard, mouse), while output devices receive data from the computer (e.g., monitor, printer). Some devices like touchscreens function as both.

5. Storage Devices

Storage devices retain data permanently or temporarily. Major types include:

• Hard Disk Drive (HDD) – Uses spinning platters
• Solid State Drive (SSD) – Faster, no moving parts
• Flash Drives – Portable and USB-based
• Optical Discs – CDs/DVDs used for backup