INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

🎯 Objectives: INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Wireless Technology Full Notes

πŸ“‘ Wireless Technology - Full Notes

Definition: Wireless technology refers to the transmission of data without physical connections, using electromagnetic waves such as radio, infrared, or satellite signals.

πŸŽ₯ Introduction to Wireless Communication

πŸ”Ή Types of Wireless Technologies

1. Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)

Wi-Fi allows devices to connect to the internet through a wireless router using radio waves.

Example: Connecting a laptop to home internet wirelessly.

2. Bluetooth

Short-range wireless communication mainly for device-to-device interaction like headsets and keyboards.

Example: Bluetooth headphones connected to a smartphone.

3. Infrared (IR)

Used for close-range communication like remote controls. Requires line-of-sight.

4. Near Field Communication (NFC)

Enables secure communication between devices placed very close (usually < 10 cm).

Example: Paying at a store using Google Pay or Apple Pay.

5. Cellular Networks (3G, 4G, 5G)

Used by mobile devices to communicate over large distances using cellular towers.

  • 3G: First mobile internet revolution
  • 4G: HD video streaming, fast downloads
  • 5G: Ultra-low latency, IoT, VR/AR support

6. ZigBee

A low-power wireless mesh standard for IoT and smart homes.

7. Li-Fi (Light Fidelity)

Uses visible light to transmit data, offering high speed but requires direct line-of-sight.

8. Satellite Communication

Data is transmitted via satellites orbiting the earth β€” ideal for remote and global coverage.

Example: Starlink providing internet to rural and remote areas.

πŸ” Wireless Security Techniques

  • Encryption: WPA2/WPA3 for secure Wi-Fi
  • Firewalls: Protect from outside intrusions
  • MAC Filtering: Allows only specific devices
  • VPN: Secures data over public wireless

πŸ“Š Advantages

  • Easy to install and expand
  • Supports mobile users
  • Scalable and flexible
  • Reduced installation costs (no cabling)

⚠️ Disadvantages

  • Can be insecure if not encrypted
  • Signal interference and dropouts
  • Limited range compared to wired
  • Slower speeds in older technologies

🧠 Real-Life Applications

  • Smart Homes (e.g., Alexa, Google Home)
  • Telemedicine (remote patient monitoring)
  • Banking and eCommerce (NFC payments)
  • Autonomous Vehicles (V2X communication)

πŸ“˜ Sample Exam Questions

  1. Explain the working of Wi-Fi and mention two use cases.
  2. Differentiate between Bluetooth and ZigBee.
  3. List advantages and disadvantages of using wireless communication.
  4. How is wireless security maintained in public networks?
  5. What are the major improvements 5G offers over 4G?

πŸ§ͺ Wireless Lab Test Video (Confirmed Working)

πŸ“– Reference Book: N/A

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